The streets, shorelines, and transit lines (elevated and subway) that existed in 1905 – the year of Hine’s initial photographic survey – were digitized from the map, “[New York City]. January 1906. Presented with the compliments of the American Real Estate Company” (New York: Ohman Map Company, 1906), Stephen S. Clark Library, University of Michigan Library.
The Native American paths were traced from Reginald Bolton’s somewhat speculative “Indian Paths in the Great Metropolis” (1912), NYPL.
Former waterways (e.g., the Hessian Spring, the Run, Sherman’s Creek, and the Inwood marshes) were derived from “Map of that Part of the City of New York North of 155th Street” (New York: Major & Knapp Engraving, Manufacturing & Lithographic Co., 1870), NYPL.